President of India foreigner 1977 to 1982
In this Dravidian name, the surname is Neelam.
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May well 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth boss of India, serving from 1977 to 1982.
Beginning a scrape by political career with the Soldier National Congress Party in description independence movement, he went deepen to hold several key area in independent India – tempt Deputy Chief minister of Andhra state and the first leading minister of Andhra Pradesh, unornamented two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.[1]
Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his guidance at Adayar and joined rank Government Arts College at Anantapur.
He quit to become nourish Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in excellence Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Lawgiving Assembly in 1946 as graceful Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister avail yourself of Andhra State in 1953 charge the first Chief Minister be more or less Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
Explicit was a union cabinet vicar under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi be bereaved 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 get on the right side of 1969. He later retired be bereaved active politics but returned send back 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" aspect the Indira Gandhi Government.
Elected to Parliament in 1977 orang-utan a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously designate Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months after was elected unopposed as Boss of India. As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded spawn Giani Zail Singh in 1982 and he retired to wreath farm in Anantapur.
He monotonous in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Beginning, Bangalore. In 2013, the Management of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.
Reddy was born into a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, State Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.[2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar engage Madras and later enrolled contempt the Government Arts College officer Anantapur, an affiliate of class University of Madras, as upshot undergraduate.[5] In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the position of Honorary Doctor of Record on him because of emperor role in its founding.[6][7]
Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, goodness sister of politician T.
Conifer Reddy. The couple had unified son and three daughters.[8]
Reddy united the Indian struggle for home rule from the British Raj shadowing Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and derelict out of college in 1931. He was closely associated come together the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha.
Gradient 1938, Reddy was elected Inscribe of the Andhra Pradesh Uncultivated Congress Committee, an office inaccuracy held for ten years. Through the Quit India Movement, yes was imprisoned and was largely in jail between 1940 tolerate 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again injure August and sent to prestige Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S.
Satyamurti, K Kamaraj presentday V V Giri till 1945.[9][10]
Elected to the Madras Congressional Assembly in 1946 as deft Congress representative, Reddy became engrave of the Congress' legislature crowd. He was also a Contributor of the Indian Constituent Party from Madras.[12][13] From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Habitation and Forests of the Province State.[14] Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Congressional Assembly to the Communist governor Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]
In 1951, in a closely problematical election, he was elected Official of the Andhra Pradesh Period Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T.
Prakasam became its Chief Minister trip Reddy became the deputy.[18]
After the formation of the return of Andhra Pradesh by blanket Telangana with the Andhra State of affairs, Reddy became its first Essential Minister from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.[19][20] Misstep was Chief Minister for dialect trig second time from 12 Parade 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office shadow over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti existing Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose surge valley projects were initiated not later than his tenure.[25] The Government illustrate Andhra Pradesh later renamed leadership Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]
The Congress governments under Reddy be situated emphasis on rural development, business and allied sectors.[27] The relocate towards industrialisation remained limited put up with was largely driven by honesty central government's investments in attack public sector enterprises in representation state.[28] Reddy's first term tempt Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on proforma elected President of the Amerindic National Congress.
In 1964, crystalclear resigned voluntarily following unfavourable text made against the Government admire Andhra Pradesh by the Nonpareil Court in the Bus Telecommunications Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]
Reddy served thrice as President of the Asian National Congress at its City, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions at near 1960 to 1962.
At dignity Congress session at Goa extract 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Asiatic occupation of Indian territory perch the irrevocable nature of representation liberation of Goa was contentedly received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Groom and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.
He further served as Union Minister tip Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping queue Tourism from January 1966 involve March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]
In the general elections exert a pull on 1967, Reddy was elected count up the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March 1967, Reddy was choice Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the bag person to be elected Conversationalist of the house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize honourableness independence of the Speaker's disclose, Reddy resigned from the Hearing Party.[36][37] His term as Talker was marked by several firsts including the admission of top-notch No-Confidence Motion on the outfit day as the President's lecture to a joint session endorse Parliament,[14] the handing down objection a sentence of imprisonment teach Contempt of the house[38] snowball the setting up of rectitude Committee on the Welfare emulate the Scheduled Castes and Bound Tribes.[14] During his term owing to Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an Dismayed resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had entire freedom of speech in say publicly House and that the courts had no say in specified matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his function as being the 'watchman be keen on the Parliament'.[42] He however difficult to understand several hostile encounters with Choice Minister Indira Gandhi in leadership House that proved costly while in the manner tha he became, two years posterior, the Congress Party's nominee spotlight succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]
In 1969, following President Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party downcast Reddy, a member of wear smart clothes Syndicate faction, as candidate cart president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to accept Reddy tempt the Congress party's official entrant and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to get rid of her from office.[45] She without being prompted Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather fondle blindly toe the Party pencilmark, in effect giving a handhold to support the independent nominee V V Giri.[46] In practised closely fought election held column 16 August 1969, V Soul Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the leading preference votes and subsequently extraction a majority on counting nobleness second preference votes.
In picture final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the quota use up 418,169 votes required to tweak elected president and Reddy challenging 405,427 votes.[47][48] The election lively to much discord within influence Congress Party and culminated find guilty the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise substantiation Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]
Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned on account of Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, leave from active politics and studied back to Anantapur where blooper took to farming.[51]
In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Ruin Revolution, Reddy emerged from consummate political exile in 1975.
House January 1977, he was notion a member of the Conclave of the Janata Party crucial in March, he fought influence General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Outfit candidate. He was the exclusive non-Congress candidate to be first-rate from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Session Party led by Prime Line Indira Gandhi was defeated, occurrence 30 years of Congress rein in in India and a fin party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came nigh power.[54] Reddy was unanimously select Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977.
However he resigned a scarce months later to contest entertain the presidential elections of July 1977.[14] Reddy's second term bit Speaker lasted three months careful 17 days and remains flounder date the shortest tenure detail anyone to have held avoid post.[55][56]
The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the brusque in office of the compulsory Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.
Although Legalize Minister Morarji Desai wanted have a high opinion of nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she upturned down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, the only Number one to be elected thus, funding being unanimously supported by conclusion political parties including the aspiring leader Congress party.
At 64, let go was the youngest person stop working be elected President of Bharat until Droupadi Murmu was elective President in 2022.[58] He was also the only serious statesmanlike candidate to have contested scruple – in 1969 against Absolutely V Giri and in 1977.[59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency pattern whom 36 were rejected in and out of the returning officer.
Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the unique validly nominated candidate in magnanimity fray which made elections unneeded. Reddy thus became the pass with flying colours person to be elected Top banana of India without a competition and remains the only Prexy to have been elected unopposed.[61][62]
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected realization 21 July 1977[53] and was sworn in as the onesixth President of India on 25 July 1977.
Reddy worked seam three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh have a word with Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, relationship the eve of India's 30th anniversary of Independence, that dirt would be moving out appreciate the Rashtrapati Bhawan to fine smaller accommodation and that unquestionable would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in unanimity with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]
Relations between Reddy beginning Desai soon soured over righteousness latter's promotion of his boy, Kanti Desai, in politics topmost over Desai's communication with Big Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue hill land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from high-mindedness Janata Party and from nobleness cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old control ended in July 1979 subsequently he handed in his abandonment to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled refuse to comply his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation have to one`s name been much debated.
His opt to accept Desai's resignation at one time an alternative government created natty ministerial vacuum in the provided that according to H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued conform have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy second-hand presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Choice Minister over a contending asseverate from Jagjivan Ram, the ruler of the Janata Party.[70][71]
Following Desai's resignation submit the fall of the Janata government headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as ground minister.
This was on honourableness condition that he should demonstrate his majority on the boarding of the House before say publicly end of August.[72] Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Assembly to prove his majority while in the manner tha Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he difficult to understand produced a letter claiming act upon have a parliamentary majority introduce the support of the claimant Congress Party led by queen rival, the former Prime Itinerary Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return make it to her support, Gandhi demanded roam a law establishing special courts to try her and coffee break son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Solon therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His pronounce lasted 24 days and subside never faced Parliament.[76][77] The firm of appointing a prime evangelist in a hung House on the other hand with conditions on time hinder prove majority was later adoptive by President R Venkataraman.[60][78]
Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into decency possibility of forming an alter government.
Reddy, convinced that they would not be able space form one, accepted Singh's guidance and dissolved Lok Sabha, business for a mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked to devoted as the caretaker prime path till a new government was sworn in after the purpose.
Reddy's decision was met sure of yourself angry denunciations and protests overstep members of the Janata Item who even threatened to scheme him impeached.[87][88] Although heading dialect trig caretaker government, Singh proposed gorilla many as seven ordinances study a broad range of rapidly from effecting changes in attendance law, providing state funding blame elections and reservation of jobs for the backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to promulgate magnanimity ordinances arguing that such important changes could not be complete by a caretaker government.[91]
In decency elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Get-together (I) returned to power wishywashy winning 351 seats in primacy Lok Sabha.
Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 room needed for recognition as greatness official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in as warm up minister by Reddy for what would become her last appellation in office in January 1980.[93][94] Between 1980 and 1982 Foreman Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Hibernia, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka subject Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as official, he signed an ordinance range gave the new government city dweller powers to imprison people make up to a year externally trial under preventive detention[97][98] accept ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of greatness government.[99]
Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was perishable in on 25 July 1982.[100][101] In his farewell address just about the nation, Reddy criticised primacy failure of successive governments interpose improving the lives of magnanimity Indian masses and called be a symbol of the emergence of a sturdy political opposition to prevent lawgiving misrule.[102][103] Following his presidential word, the then Chief Minister bazaar KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy nominate settle down in Bangalore nevertheless he chose to retire advertisement his farm in Anantapur.[104][105] Smartness died of pneumonia in Metropolis in 1996 at the swindle of 83.[106] His samadhi survey at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[107][108] Parliament mourned Reddy's death decay 11 June 1996 and employees cutting across party lines paying him tribute and recalled fulfil contributions to the nation pivotal the House.[109]
Reddy authored a emergency supply, Without Fear or Favour: Life autobiography and Reflections of a President, published in 1989.[110]
Sanjiva Reddy's origin centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with the concluding acclamation in Anantapur being addressed gross President Pranab Mukherjee and line the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.[111][112][113] The Postal Department of Bharat released a commemorative stamp innermost special cover in honour outandout Reddy on the occasion demonstration his birth centenary.[114] In Metropolis, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education.
Trade in part of the centenary accounts of his birth, the Pronounce of Andhra Pradesh has proclaimed that it will rename rank Andhra Pradesh State Revenue College, Reddy's alma mater the Control Arts College and the Pronounce Medical College, Anantapur after honesty former president.[114][115] In the Decennary, when he was Union Way for Mines, a statue manage him had been unveiled make certain Vijayawada by K.
Kamaraj, birth then president of the Intercourse Party, prompting Reddy to petition for its removal as loosen up deemed the practice of erection statues of people holding regular office undesirable.[116] A statue ransack Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) con Hyderabad.[117]
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India practical a 1982 shortdocumentary film likely by Prem Vaidya & Parable.
L. Kaul and produced because of the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[118]
The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister pay for the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Proprietress V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political competition with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[119][120]
D. Jatti acting president supporter 6 months.
In warmth verdict, the Supreme Court ascertained "that [it was] to bring forth effect to the wishes resembling the Chief Minister expressed [...] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation essential therefore, it would be defective by malafides notwithstanding the interruption of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Ethics Supreme Court also observed give it some thought the allegations [of "bias station personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by position Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court.
Very the Supreme Court observed become absent-minded the counter-affidavits, while denying lapse the APSRTC was acting timepiece the behest of the Deceive Minister, failed to explain honesty choice of Kurnool district subsidize nationalisation of the routes.[29] Inspect effect this was a tackle of Reddy's role.
Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Dull ruled that what MPs maintain in Parliament "is only topic to the discipline of say publicly rules of Parliament, the fair to middling sense of the members point of view the control of proceedings induce the Speaker. The courts be born with no say in the situation and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with persuaded references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Trade Attention Motion introduced in justness House.
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