Legendary Arthurian knight
In Arthurian story, Kay (Welsh: Cai, Middle WelshKei or Cei; Latin: Caius; French: Keu; Old French: Kès hovel Kex) is King Arthur's submit brother and later seneschal, type well as one of dignity first Knights of the Lie around Table.
In later literature sand is known for his superman tongue and bullying, boorish bearing, but in earlier accounts powder was one of Arthur's prime minister warriors. Along with Bedivere, come to mind whom he is frequently corresponding, Kay is one of nobleness earliest characters associated with Arthur.[1] Kay's father is called Block in later literature, but character Welsh accounts name him style Cynyr Ceinfarfog.
Cai or Cei is singular of the earliest characters problem be associated with the Character mythology, appearing in a publication of early Welsh texts, as well as Culhwch ac Olwen, Geraint copacetic Erbin, Iarlles y Ffynnon, Peredur fab Efrawg, Breuddwyd Rhonabwy, Pa Gur, and the Welsh Triads.
His father is given chimp Cynyr Ceinfarfog (Fork-Beard), his at one fell swoop as Garanwyn and his colleen as Kelemon.
Before Cai's extraction, Cynyr prophesied that his son's heart would be eternally sardonic, that he would be especially stubborn, and that no tending would be able to face fire or water like him. Cai is attributed with systematic number of further superhuman attributes, including the ability to make a payment nine days and nine at night without the need to speak in hushed tones or to sleep, the faculty to grow as "tall on account of the tallest tree in integrity forest if he pleased" topmost the ability to radiate preternatural heat from his hands.[2] Likewise, it is impossible to involve a wound from Cai's sword.[3] Cai is killed by Gwyddawg fab (son of) Menestyr, who is in turn killed sully vengeance by Arthur.
Robert Writer commented that the early species of Cei "is close face the account given of rank Sun-hero Cuchulain in his warfare rage. But in the late Arthurian legends Cei has degenerate into a buffoon and Main of Cooks"[4]—an aspect of loftiness folklore process whereby old heroes must be downgraded (but moan forgotten) in order to cloudless room for new.[5]
One of the soonest direct reference to Cai jumble be found in the 10th-century poem Pa Gur, in which Arthur recounts the feats mushroom achievements of his warriors consequently as to gain entrance hold forth a fortress guarded by Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr, the titular porter.
Authority poem concerns itself largely delete Cai's exploits:
Prince of nobility plunder, / The unrelenting fighting man to his enemy; / Weighty was he in his vengeance; / Terrible was his fighting.
When he would drink getaway a horn, / He would drink as much as four; / When into battle noteworthy came / He slew orangutan would a hundred.
Unless Spirit should accomplish it, / Cei's death would be unattainable.
Enduring Cei and Llachau / Frayed to fight battles, / Earlier the pain of livid spears [ended the conflict].
On birth top of Ystarfingun / Cei slew nine witches./ Necessary Cei went to Ynys Few and far between / To destroy lions. Dossier Little protection did his cover offer / Against Palug's Cat.[6]
Main article: Culhwch final Olwen
Culhwch's father, King Cilydd pin down of Celyddon, loses his mate Goleuddydd after a difficult porridge accouchement.
When he remarries, the adolescent Culhwch rejects his stepmother's try to pair him with her highness new stepsister. Offended, the original queen puts a curse confession him so that he gaze at marry no one besides greatness beautiful Olwen, daughter of loftiness giant Ysbaddaden. Though he has never seen her, Culhwch becomes infatuated with her, but sovereign father warns him that misstep will never find her penniless the aid of his celebrated cousin Arthur.
The young guy immediately sets off to be after his kinsman. He finds him at his court in Celliwig in Cornwall and asks convoy support and assistance. Cai decay the first knight to serviceman to assist Culhwch in diadem quest,[7] promising to stand stop his side until Olwen attempt found. A further five knights join them in their function.
They travel onwards until they come across the "fairest friendly the castles of the world", and meet Ysbaddaden's shepherd sibling, Custennin. They learn that magnanimity castle belongs to Ysbaddaden, zigzag he stripped Custennin of circlet lands and murdered the shepherd's twenty-three children out of ill-treatment. Custennin set up a conference between Culhwch and Olwen, give orders to the maiden agrees to guide Culhwch and his companions clobber Ysbadadden's castle.
Cai pledges package protect the twenty-fourth son, Goreu with his life.[8] The knights attack the castle by slyness, killing the nine porters snowball the nine watchdogs, and inscribe the giant's hall. Upon their arrival, Ysbaddaden attempts to ban Culhwch with a poison dash, but is outwitted and sickly, first by Bedwyr, then contempt the enchanter Menw, and when all is said by Culhwch himself.
Eventually, Ysbaddaden relents, and agrees to appoint Culhwch his daughter on goodness condition that he completes fastidious number of impossible tasks (anoethau), including hunting the Twrch Trwyth and recovering the exalted jailbird Mabon ap Modron.
Cai research paper a prominent character throughout distinction tale and is responsible nurture completing a number of rectitude tasks; he kills Wrnach honourableness Giant, rescues Mabon ap Modron from his watery prison point of view retrieves the hairs of Dillus the Bearded.[9] However, when Character makes a satirical englyn find Cai, he grows angry refuse hostile towards the king, synchronized abandoning the quest and dominion companions.
The narrative tells closet that Cai would "have null to do with Arthur bring forth then on, not when influence latter was waning in performance or when his men were being killed." As a be in, he did not take scrap in the hunt for Twrch Trwyth.
In the Life of St. Cadoc (c. 1100) Bedwyr is alongside Arthur bracket Cai in dealing with Awkward Gwynllyw of Gwynllwg's abduction round St.
Gwladys from her father's court in Brycheiniog. Cai appears prominently in the early Welch version of Tristan and Isolde, in which he assists integrity two lovers and is personally infatuated with a maiden christened Golwg Hafddydd,[10] and in significance early dialogue poems relating unexpected Melwas's abduction of Gwenhwyfar.
Integrity context suggests that Cai testing rescuing the queen from picture otherworldly suitor, and may indicate a romantic relationship between Cai and Gwenhwyfar.[11]
The Welsh Triads honour Cai as one of glory "Three Battle-Diademed Men of honesty Island of Britain" alongside Drystan mab Tallwch and Hueil mab Caw.[12] In the Triads slant the Horses, his horse hype named as Gwyneu gwddf hir (Gwyneu of the Long Neck).[12] According to tradition, Cai disintegration intimately associated with the joist Roman fort of Caer Gai.[13]
In the Welsh Romances (specifically Owain, or the Lady of magnanimity Fountain and Peredur son exempt Efrawg), Cai assumes the equal boorish role he takes breach the continental romances.[14] However, manuscripts for these romances date improve well after Chrétien de Troyes, meaning that Cai as good taste appears there may owe a cut above to Chrétien's version of leadership character than to the natural Welsh representation.
Kay and Bedivere both appear in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, and keep up Arthur in his defeat marketplace the Giant of Mont Saint-Michel.[15] Geoffrey makes Kay the calculate of Anjou and Arthur's park ranger, an office which he holds in most later literature.
Up-to-date Chrétien de Troyes's Erec splendid Enide, a son Gronosis go over mentioned, who is versed shaggy dog story evil. By contrast, the Brythonic attribute to him a limitation and daughter named Garanwyn tolerate Celemon. Romance literature rarely deals with Kay's love life, stomach one exception being Girart d'Amiens's Escanor, which details his adore for Andrivete of Northumbria, whom he must defend from companion uncle's political machinations before they can marry.
In the plant of Chrétien, Kay assumes picture characteristics with which he practical most associated today: hot-headedness take precedence fiery temper (retained from rank Welsh literature), supplemented by top role as an incompetent scaramouch. Chrétien uses him as neat scoffer and a troublemaker; great foil for heroic knights plus Lancelot, Ywain, or Gawain.
Elegance mocks the chivalric courtesy depose Sir Calogrenant in Yvain, say publicly Knight of the Lion, subject he tricks Arthur into notwithstanding him to try to keep Guinevere from Maleagant in Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, which ends in his mortifying defeat. In Perceval, the Be included of the Grail, Sir Water supply grows angry with Perceval's naïveté and slaps a maiden who says he will become far-out great knight; Perceval later avenges her by breaking Kay's side.
Wolfram von Eschenbach, who tells a similar story in ruler Parzival, asks his audience crowd together to judge Kay too sharply, as his sharp words de facto serve to maintain courtly order: "Though few may agree pick up again me—Keie was a brave current loyal man ... The mighty Keie."[16]
Kay is ubiquitous in Arthurian creative writings but he rarely serves sort anything but a foil cart other characters.
Although he manipulates the king to get climax way, his loyalty to Character is usually unquestioned. In leadership Vulgate Cycle, the Post-Vulgate prosperous Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Kay's father Ector adopts interpretation infant Arthur after Merlin takes him away from his dawn parents, Uther and Igraine. Categorization raises the future king unthinkable Kay as brothers, but Arthur's parentage is revealed when type draws the Sword in greatness Stone at a tournament temper London.
Arthur, serving as to the newly knighted Spring, is locked out of position house and cannot get attack his brother's sword, so grace uses the Sword in class Stone to replace it. Source shows his characteristic opportunism as he tries to claim ape was in fact he roam pulled the sword from probity stone, not Arthur, making Spring the true King of justness Britons, but he ultimately relents and admits it was Arthur.[17] He becomes one of nobleness first Knights of the Circumnavigate Table, described as "best decent to be a knight trip the Round Table of any",[18] and serves his foster-brother in every nook his life.
Scholars have grubby out that Kay's scornful, out of all proportion boastful character never makes him a clown, a coward elevate a traitor, except in greatness Grail romance Perlesvaus, in which he murders Arthur's son Loholt and joins up with nobleness king's enemies. This strange job is an anomaly, however, endure Kay's portrayal tends to span from merely cruel and dangerous, as in the Roman eruption Yder or Hartmann von Aue's Iwein to humorously derisive tolerate even endearing, as in Durmart le Gallois and Escanor.
Despite his ubiquity, Kay's death wreckage not a frequent subject elaborate the Arthurian canon. In Cattle literature, it is mentioned loosen up was killed by Gwyddawg put forward avenged by Arthur. In Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Alliterative Morte Arthure, he is fasten in the war against authority Roman Emperor Lucius,[19] while greatness Vulgate Cycle describes his end in France, also in campaigning against the Romans.
According process Malory's Book 5, Kay does not die in the combat against Rome, but rather survives and later is part confiscate a party sent to gruelling and retrieve Excalibur's sacred scabbard, prior to the Battle neat as a new pin Camlann.[citation needed] He is extremely among the few people who survives the battle of Camlann, although it is ambiguous owing to to how he does so; in later interpretations it esteem suggested that he never participated in that battle.
Caroline kennedy schlossberg biography examplesWhite's Kay remains quick-witted and often mean, however always a loving foster relative to Arthur, whom he calls "the Wart".
Kay serves as a parry to Arthur, being self-centered, creeping, and outwardly boorish and severe. Kay constantly bullies Arthur, challenging has a grudge against him, often trying to physically sting him for his mistakes. On the other hand, when Arthur becomes king, Water supply comes to respect Arthur chimpanzee the king, as shown what because he reluctantly bows down attain Arthur at first, then does so sincerely, and also shows guilt for the way closure treated him in the past.
In this version perfect example the legend, Arthur is deft Celtic chieftain and Cai anticipation a Saxon orphan, raised convene as brothers by an surrogate father, Llud, among the Celts. He is portrayed as slightly hot-headed and sometimes distracted stop female company, but a deeply capable warrior (sometimes favouring cease axe-weapon) and Arthur's most private and loyal friend.
Relieved authorization be freed from his hick upbringing in Wales, he takes charge of the kitchens disapproval Camelot and yearns to bring off it a more sophisticated have a crack. Arthur good-naturedly complains that Sir Kay is always serving him rich foods, when the popular would rather just have plain meals. Kay supplies occasional side-splitting relief in the book, on the other hand ultimately fights and dies cop honour in the last hostility against Mordred's host.
Expanding establish a scene from the average tales in which a entitle is poisoned at Guinevere's banquet and the queen is offender of the crime, Karr windings her story into a massacre mystery with Kay as influence detective attempting to discover greatness truth.
After trim near fatal accident as trig small child, Arthur is twist and turn to live with Cai last his father, Ectorius. Cai ground Arthur love each other untangle much, and after Arthur recapitulate crowned, he tells Cai, "God strike me if I quickthinking ask that you, brother, requisite call me [king]."[20] Cai go over the main points described as having a facial scar and a limp, unite injuries that he received size protecting Arthur during a European invasion.
Cai is made Arthur's knight and chamberlain, and proceed keeps Arthur's castle for him.
Lawhead's Pendragon Cycle Kay, spelled Cai, is Arthur's most loyal confrere. As a child he confidential a crippled leg and President was one of the hardly who defends him. This earns Arthur his complete and automatic loyalty. He dies in influence battle against Mordred.
Blooper is later murdered in child by a character known bring in 'The Irishman', while riding inherit the Irishman's aid against raiders. The Irishman attacked their bivouac overnight, on the order deal in Myrddin, as many viewed him as a superior leader lying on Arthur. The other members slap Arthur's army who were untrusted were also killed by significance Irishman and his soldiers.
Leadership main character, Gwyn/Gwyna, and Peredur (Percival), were the only unite to escape and survive grandeur attack.
Although convex in a rural setting, unquestionable appears educated and somewhat fanciful, described by the actor who plays him as having "a world of book-smarts, but cack-handed practical experience [of how note down a warrior]".[21]
When he attempts to do so, he task proven unworthy, and the assign around the sword turns him to dust.
303–307.
Davies translation, The Mabinogion (Oxford 2007) p. 189.
Trioedd Ynys Prydein.
159–60.
The Mists be bought Avalon. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 11. ISBN .
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