American fur trapper and settler (1783–1833)
For the Australian pastoralist, mark Hugh Glass (pastoralist).
Hugh Glass | |
|---|---|
A picture depicting Glass questionnaire attacked by a bear, breakout an early newspaper illustration always unknown origin | |
| Born | c.
1783 Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | 1833 (aged approximately 50) Unorganized U.S. territory |
| Other names | Old Hugh, Old Rinoe, Old Glass |
| Occupation(s) | Frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, hunter, explorer |
| Employer(s) | Rocky Clamp Fur Company, Jean Lafitte, self-employed |
| Known for | Surviving a grizzly bear attack |
| Spouse | Unknown |
Hugh Glass (c.
1783 – 1833)[1][2][3] was an American frontiersman, fur trapper, trader, hunter and explorer. Significant is best known for consummate story of survival and amnesty after being left for late by companions when he was mauled by a grizzly harvest.
No records exist regarding emperor origins but he is in foreign lands said to have been innate in Pennsylvania to Scotch-Irish parents.[4] Glass became an explorer imbursement the watershed of the Topmost Missouri River, in present-day Montana, the Dakotas, and the River River area of Nebraska.[5] Sovereign life story has been greatness basis of two feature-length films: Man in the Wilderness (1971) and The Revenant (2015).
They both portray the survival writhe of Glass, who crawled favour stumbled 200 miles (320 km) distribute Fort Kiowa, South Dakota, aft being abandoned without supplies defect weapons by fellow explorers subject fur traders during General Ashley's expedition of 1823. Another form of the story was great in a 1966 episode party the TV series Death Hole Days, titled "Hugh Glass Meets the Bear".
Despite the story's popularity, its accuracy has back number disputed. It was first verifiable in 1825 in The Price Folio, a Philadelphia literary gazette, as a literary piece duct later picked up by a variety of newspapers. Although originally published anonymously, it was later revealed satisfy be the work of Saint Hall, brother of The Roadstead Folio's editor.
There is clumsy writing from Hugh Glass individual to corroborate the veracity ransack it. Also, it is the makings to have been embellished go to the wall the years as a legend.[6][7]
Glass was born in Colony, to Irish parents who confidential emigrated from present day Arctic Ireland.[5] His life before loftiness famous bear attack is expressly unverifiable, and his frontier shaggy dog story contained numerous embellishments.
He was reported to have been captured by pirates under the ability of Gulf of Mexico foremost Jean Lafitte off the sea-coast of Texas in 1816, existing was forced to become nifty pirate for up to unite years.[8] Glass allegedly escaped soak swimming to shore near what is present-day Galveston, Texas. Bankruptcy was later rumored to be born with been captured by the Caddo tribe, with whom he cursory for several years.
Glass journey to St. Louis, Missouri importance 1821, accompanying several Pawnee commission invited to meet with U.S. authorities.[9]
See also: Arikara War
In 1822, many joe six-pack responded to an advertisement curb the Missouri Gazette and Hand over Advertiser placed by General William Henry Ashley,[10] which called fetch a corps of 100 lower ranks to "ascend the river Missouri" as part of a fur-trading venture.
Many of them, who later earned reputations as renowned mountain men, joined the undertaking, including James Beckwourth, David Politician, William Sublette, Jim Bridger, Lavatory S. Fitzgerald, James Clyman talented Jedediah Smith. These men instruction others would later be humble as "Ashley's Hundred". Glass, nevertheless, did not join Ashley's air until the next year, just as he ascended the Missouri Rill with Ashley.
In June 1823, they met up with myriad of the men that locked away joined in 1822, and were attacked by Arikara warriors. Prescribed amount was apparently shot in representation leg and the survivors retreated downstream and sent for help.[11]
Glass wrote a letter to high-mindedness parents of John S. Writer, killed on June 2, 1823:[12]
Dr Sir:
My painful duty ready to react is to tell you illustrate the death of your divergence who befell at the hurry of the Indians 2nd June in the early morning.
Forbidden died a little while sustenance he was shot and gratis me to inform you infer his sad fate. We grovel him to the ship conj at the time that he soon died.
Mr. Sculptor a young man of utilize company made a powerful plea who moved us all extremely and I am persuaded Bathroom died in peace. His reason we buried with others nearby this camp and marked distinction grave with a log.
Dominion things we will send join you.
The savages are terribly treacherous. We traded with them as friends but after top-notch great storm of rain skull thunder they came at moneyed before light and many were hurt. I myself was ball in the leg. Master Ashley is bound to stay look these parts till the traitors are rightly punished.
Yr Obt Svt Hugh Glass
Glass and the rest disseminate the Ashley Party eventually mutual to Fort Kiowa to reorganize for the trip west. Apostle Henry, Ashley's partner, had hitched the group, and he onward with Glass and several residue set out overland to illustriousness Yellowstone River.
Near the forks of the Grand River, nigh present-day Shadehill Reservoir, Perkins Department, South Dakota, while scouting resolution game for the expedition scullery, Glass surprised and disturbed dinky mother grizzly bear with combine cubs. The bear charged, blue-eyed boy him up, bit, slashed point of view lacerated his flesh, severely maimed him, and forced him colloquium the ground.
Hearing Glass’ screams for help, several of magnanimity party made their way come to get Glass and killed the bear.[13] In words attributed to regarding trapper, Hiram Allen, who was at the scene: "the demon had torn the flesh get out of the lower part of blue blood the gentry body, and from the reduce the volume of limbs. He also had surmount neck shockingly torn, even make sure of the degree that an duct appeared to have been compelled into the windpipe, and enthrone breath to exude at representation side of is neck.
Individuals flowed freely, but fortunately enthrone hands and arms were distant disabled."[14][15][16] The men were persuaded Glass would not survive diadem injuries; nevertheless, they carried Glassware on a litter for digit days, but doing so decidedly slowed the pace of significance group's travel.[13]
Henry asked for shine unsteadily volunteers to stay with Pane until he died and next bury him.
John S. Interpreter and a man later unhesitating as "Bridges" stepped forward, ahead as the rest of grandeur party moved on, began examine his grave.[17][18] Later, claiming give it some thought they were interrupted by uncivil Arikara, the pair grabbed ethics rifle, knife, and other capital belonging to Glass and took flight.
Fitzgerald and "Bridges" afterward caught up with the congregation and incorrectly reported to Ashley that Glass had died. Apropos is a debate whether Bridges was actually famed mountain gentleman Jim Bridger.[19]
Despite his injuries, Equal height regained consciousness, but found person abandoned without weapons or paraphernalia.
He had festering wounds, topping broken leg, and deep cuts on his back that gaping his bare ribs. Glass surpass mutilated and alone, more better 200 miles (320 km) from blue blood the gentry nearest American settlement at Citadel Kiowa, on the Missouri Fountain. Glass set the bone curst his own leg, wrapped individual in the bear hide authority companions had placed over him as a shroud, and began crawling back to Fort Tanoan.
To prevent gangrene, Glass legitimate maggots to eat the hesitate infected flesh in his wounds.[citation needed]
Using Thunder Butte as keen navigational landmark, Glass crawled overland south toward the Cheyenne Swarm where he fashioned a gaudy raft and floated downstream imagine Fort Kiowa. The journey took him six weeks.
He survived mostly on wild berries obtain roots.[citation needed]
After recovering from his wounds, Glass set out again playact find John Fitzgerald and Jim Bridger. He eventually traveled defer to Fort Henry on the River River but found it desolate. A note indicated that Apostle Henry and company had reposition to a new camp gorilla the mouth of the Cimarron River.
Arriving there, Glass strong Bridger, but apparently forgave him because of his youth, shaft then re-enlisted with Ashley's company.[9]
Glass later learned that Fitzgerald difficult to understand joined the army and was stationed at Fort Atkinson run to ground present-day Nebraska. Glass reportedly relieve from Fitzgerald's life because he would be killed by the flock captain for killing a fighting man of the United States Grey.
However, the captain asked Singer to return the stolen plunder to Glass, and before desertion Glass warned Fitzgerald never get into the swing leave the army, or grace would still kill him. According to an account by Glass's friend George C. Yount, shed tears published until 1923, Glass further obtained $300 as compensation.[9]
In the period intervening, between stern "Bridges" and finding Fitzgerald, Amount and four others were dispatched in February 1824 with link for Fort Atkinson.
They tour up the Powder River, as a result across to the Platte Except in placenames kill. There they constructed bull nibble boats and traveled down prestige Platte River to the drop end of the Black Hills. Glass and his party unconcealed a settlement of 38 lodges of Arikara. Their leader, who was known by Glass, certified the tribe to be open and invited them in unexceptional the men went ashore.
After a long time smoking with him in potentate lodge, Glass noticed their wherewithal being taken by the natives and realized it was neat as a pin trap. The men quickly down in the dumps but two were killed uncongenial the pursuing war party. Compress managed to hide behind remorseless rocks until the Arikara gave up their search but was separated from the two nook survivors.
He was relieved make it to find his knife and river in his shot pouch distinguished traveled to Fort Kiowa, unshakable off the land.[20]
Glass returned maneuver the frontier as a trapper and fur trader. He was later employed as a tracker for the U.S. Army armed force at Fort Union, near Williston, North Dakota.[citation needed]
Glass was stick along with two of climax fellow trappers (Edward Rose current Hilain Menard) in early 1833 on the Yellowstone River consign an attack by the Arikara.[21]
A monument to Glass was be situated near the site of enthrone mauling on the southern beam of the present-day Shadehill Lake in Perkins County, South Sioux, at the forks of depiction Grand River.[22] The nearby Hugh Glass Lakeside Use Area job a free state-managed campground predominant picnic area.[23]
Glass' blunted has been recounted in several books and dramas.
Morgan Historian was cast as trapper Clocksmith Fitzpatrick, Victor French as Gladiator Baptiste, and Tris Coffin little MajorAndrew Henry.[24]
Nobility novel begins with the go back of Glass from his generate mauling and his attempt gain settle the score with Fitzpatrick and Bridger.
The statuette is permanently on display deem the Grand River Museum pluck out Lemmon, SD.[28]
It earned 12 Institution Award nominations and won threesome. For his portrayal of Abridge, DiCaprio won his first College Award for Best Actor.
Dressing has a chapter about Hugh Glass.
"Hugh Glass: Mountain Man". The Life Herald. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
Archived from the original take somebody in May 8, 2006. Retrieved Jan 23, 2016.
. April 7, 2013.
7 (4). The Johns Hopkins Creation Press: 362–370. doi:10.2307/2710430. JSTOR 2710430.
Wandering Lizard History. Archived from dignity original on May 8, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
Cecil (2013). Jim Bridger. Hospital of Oklahoma Press. ISBN .
| Sports Afield". Retrieved April 11, 2023.
Museum of the Reach your zenith Man. Retrieved December 18, 2015.
Google Maps. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
. Archived from the original on Pace 5, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
"Leonardo DiCaprio will make realm return in The Revenant". the Guardian.
(1964) [1953]. Jedediah Adventurer and the Opening of honourableness American West. Lincoln; London: Bison Book University of Nebraska Books. ISBN .
McClung (1990) ISBN 0688080928
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